Backprop
Backprop is a standard form of supervised learning. It is perhaps the best known and most popular means of training neural networks.
Learning Rate: A standard learning rate. This determines how quickly synapses change.
Momentum: This scales the rate of weight change by the amount a given weight changed on the previous time step. This speeds up learning and prevents oscillations. Momentum should be between 0 and 1; 0.9 is a common value.